Vision (im)possible? The effects of in-store signage on customers’ visual attention

We used two eye-tracking field experiments to investigate the extent to which in-store signage is used during navigation and decision making, and how the viewing of signage influences customers’ visual attention and choice behavior. One hundred and seventy-five customers at a grocery store were exposed to signage stimuli while carrying out predefined shopping tasks. Experiment 1 shows that attention toward signage is affected by customers’ levels of store familiarity and in-store search stage (navigation vs. decision making). Experiment 2 demonstrates that signage has a considerable impact on the direction and magnitude of customers’ visual attention during decision making.     

点光源追踪系统设计

旨在设计一个模拟强点光源追踪装置,以提高光源的利用率。装置由模拟强光源和光源追踪2部分构成。模拟强光源装置采用TI公司的LM317组成可调恒流源装置控制1W高亮度LED光源,并且使用电阻分流和MSP430f147内部ADC采样数显。追踪装置采用ATmel公司的ATmega16高性能AVR单片机作为主控芯片,将采集到的信号进行综合判别和处理,然后控制舵机实现对光源的跟踪,并可实现手动校准。     

基于飞机降落信息的ADS-B数据跟踪算法

在空中交通管制（ATC）领域,广域监视系统中的ADS-B接收机在飞机飞行方向改变时 ,由于其收星的数量减少导致数据率变低,并且在飞机降落过程中丢点严重。结合ADS-B数 据的特点,采用两个模型分别表示飞机的匀速运动和匀加速运动状态,利用三点速度方向预 测修正对地速度,并引入飞机降落的先验模型,实现在广域监视中对飞机的有效跟踪。 真实数据验证了该方法可有效提高数据率和改善飞机降落过程中的跟踪效果。     

IGBT中频电源在真空感应熔炼炉中的应用

本文介绍了一种以CD4046集成锁相环为核心的无相差频率自动跟踪控制系统的IGBT电源,此电源应用于真空感应熔炼炉中,电源运行良好,并且比较节能。     

Geographic distance and corporate acquisitions: signals from IPO firms

This paper examines acquisitions of firms after they have undergone initial public offerings (IPOs). Combining insights from information economics with recent research on geographic distance in various market settings, the analysis investigates whether the presence or absence of different signals on IPO firms has an impact on the geographic proximity of acquirers. The central proposition we develop and test is that specific characteristics of IPOs—venture capitalist backing, investment bank reputation, and underpricing of issued shares—convey signals on these firms, which can facilitate acquisitions by more remote acquirers who are more likely to face the risk of adverse selection. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nonparametric learning rules from bandit experiments: The eyes have it!

How do people learn? We assess, in a model-free manner, subjectsʼ belief dynamics in a two-armed bandit learning experiment. A novel feature of our approach is to supplement the choice and reward data with subjectsʼ eye movements during the experiment to pin down estimates of subjectsʼ beliefs. Estimates show that subjects are more reluctant to “update down” following unsuccessful choices, than “update up” following successful choices. The profits from following the estimated learning and decision rules are smaller (by about 25% of average earnings by subjects in this experiment) than what would be obtained from a fully-rational Bayesian learning model, but comparable to the profits from alternative non-Bayesian learning models, including reinforcement learning and a simple “win-stay” choice heuristic.     

The effect of human image in B2C website design: an eye-tracking study

On B2C shopping websites, effective visual designs can bring about consumers’ positive emotional experience. From this perspective, this article developed a research model to explore the impact of human image as a visual element on consumers’ online shopping emotions and subsequent attitudes towards websites. This study conducted an eye-tracking experiment to collect both eye movement data and questionnaire data to test the research model. Questionnaire data analysis showed that product pictures combined with human image induced positive emotions among participants, thus promoting their attitudes towards online shopping websites. Specifically, product pictures with human image first produced higher levels of image appeal and perceived social presence, thus stimulating higher levels of enjoyment and subsequent positive attitudes towards the websites. Moreover, a moderating effect of product type was demonstrated on the relationship between the presence of human image and the level of image appeal. Specifically, human image significantly increased the level of image appeal when integrated in entertainment product pictures while this relationship was not significant in terms of utilitarian products. Eye-tracking data analysis further supported these results and provided plausible explanations. The presence of human image significantly increased the pupil size of participants regardless of product types. For entertainment products, participants paid more attention to product pictures integrated with human image whereas for utilitarian products more attention was paid to functional information of products than to product pictures no matter whether or not integrated with human image.     

Food Package Familiarity and Perceived Amount of Verbal Information: The Moderating Effect of Frugal Behavior

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses the moderating effect of frugal behavior on the relationship between food package familiarity and the perceived amount of verbal information. Two experiments were conducted on food packaging to analyze two central points: (a) the relationship between food package familiarity and the perceived amount of verbal information and (b) the moderating effect of frugal behavior on this relationship. The studies demonstrate the negative influence of food package familiarity on the perceived amount of verbal information. We demonstrate that the greater (smaller) the familiarity with food packaging is, the smaller (greater) the visual attention to the verbal information will be. Second, we show that frugal behavior moderates this behavior. Our experiment shows that a greater (smaller) tendency toward frugal behavior tends to have a positive (maintain negative) effect on the relationship between food package familiarity and the perceived amount of verbal information.     

Teachers’ versus parental choice and the tracking distribution of students: a natural experiment

This article studies the secondary school track choice and considers to what extent parents’ and teachers’ assessment of students diverge. We take advantage of a reform in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) in 2006. The reform replaced parents’ choice about their children’s secondary school type by a binding teacher recommendation. Our data comprise class-level information on all public primary schools in the state. We find that teachers tend to recommend higher school types than parents. However, more precise analysis shows that this effect can be limited to districts with above average proportion of immigrants.     

浅析建设项目跟踪审计的现状和建议

介绍了建设项目跟踪审计的定义及其优点,现就建设项目跟踪审计的局限性提出进一步完善该工作的对策和建议。